Integrator



Sept. 14, 1948. E. E. MOREAU 2,449,310v

FnedJan. 2a, 1944y 4 sheets-sheet 1 55 Fia] SPt 14 1948 E. EL MOREAU 2,449,310

INTEGRATOR Filed Jan. 2s, 1944 f 4 sheets-sheet 2 l N70 In 0611601 E. E. MOREAU Sept. 14, 1948.

. INTEGRATOR Filed Jan. 28, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 l Fiaa Izzi/nim .211! Morgana,

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A Sept. 14, 1948. E. E. MOREAU INTEGRATOR 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Jan. 28. 1944 Fie. a

Emol/1e@ L@ Patented Sept.` 14,' 1948 V2,449,31n Y mracas'ron,

Eduardo Ernesto Moreau, Buenos Aires. Argentina Application January 28, 1944, Serial No. 520,128

, In Argentina October 1, 1943 lThe present invention refers to an integratinl apparatus or integrator (planimeter), which has for its object to mechanically calculate the area oi' flat surfaces, the said apparatus having particular application for calculating, mechanically and directly, the areas of the vertical sections of the irregularities, profiles, and the like, of the land, without the need of previously taking measures of any kind with other instruments or devices.

l For the purpose oi taking such measures, the integrator must run over the surface of the section to be measured, and it is therefore, an essential condition for its use, that the land which is to be measured must be in such condition that it is possible to walk over it.

For the above purpose the integrator is placed on a carriage mounted on wheels, one wheel being provided with a pinion or like element which,

through a transmission chain, transfers the rotatory motion to another pinion mounted on a shaft secured to the frame of the carriage, a wheel being mounted on the said shaft for driving the other parts of which the apparatus is constituted.

These parts or elements of Ithe apparatus are placed inside a case that is mounted on the frame of the carriage with the use of two pins which provide an axis therefor, an arrangement required for the reason that the said case or box must move in the manner of a pendulum for permanently'malntaining its vertical position.

The said wheel extends inside the case and in the interior thereof, near its'perlphery and contactlng against its side, there are mounted two discs having diameters exactly determined, one

placed in horizontal position at one side of the wheel and the other placed in vertical position at the other side thereof, with the particularv feature that the tangential points of the said discs with the wheel are positioned one opposite to the other and over the virtual axis of oscillation of the integrator case.

`The said discs, which are rotated by the wheel through frictional contact, transmit, in their turn,

with the use of a plurality of gear wheels, their motion to corresponding circular plates and to corresponding micrometric screws which drive small discs that roll with frictlonal contact over each plate, the said small discs rotating at a speed which will depend on the distance they are 7 Claims. (Cl. 33-121) In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into practice, same has been shown in one of its preferred forms of construction, schematically, in the illustrative drawings which are annexed to this specification.

In the drawings: l'

Figure 1 is a view showings section o f-the integrator, taken on the line i-l of Figuret2.

Figure 2 is a view showing a section taken on the line 2--2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a cross cut view over the line I-I of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a cross section taken on the line I-l of Figure 1. v

Figure 5 is an external view of the apparatus.

Figure 6 is a section of the adding device.

Figure 7 is a side view of same.

Figure 8 is a profile view of -same in which can be seen the drum provided witha division for reading the measurements made.

l Figure 9 is a view illustrating the integrator and showing the relative position of the case when the carriage runs over an horizontal surface,

Figure lil is a view similar to the former, showing the relative position of the carriage when it runs over a sloping surface.

Figure 11 is an schematic view showing the relative position of the wheel with reference to the discs that press against it when the carriage is over an horizontal surface.

Figure l2 is an schematic view similar to the former, showing the relative position of' the elements illustrated in the former view when the carriage is running up an inclined surface.

In the said figures the same reference characters indicate similar or equivalent parts.

With reference to the'drawings, there has been indicated as i the external case of the apparatus which, with the use of pin 2, is secured to the supporting members 3 mounted on the frame 4 of the carriage. Frame 4 carries-a shaft l provided at one end with a pinion or the like 8 (Figures 5, 9 and 10) to be driven by a chain l which transmits the motion to the pinion from a similar pinion I mounted on axle 8 of the wheel i0 of the carriage, the motion taking place when the carriage runs.

On shaft l there is mounted a wheel il running partially inside the case through a slot I2 provided in the latter. The sides near the periphery ofthe wheel ii' are provided with surfaces i3 of any suitable material that will increase its frictional contact, such as rubber, vellum, cloth, or the like. At both sides of the wheel, frictional con-tact discs I4 and Il made of hard material 2,44as1o Buch as wood, ebonite, Bakelite or other like material engage the surfaces I3, the first of these discs being placed in the horizontal position and the second in the vertical position, both discs I4 and i5 being so disposed that their tangential point of contact with the wheel lies substantially in line with the axis of the pins 2. The said discs, as well as the other elements constituting the apparatus that will be described in the following paragraphs, are mounted on a frame I5 connected to the walls of the case i by means of the regulating or adjusting screws I1 kept in adjustment bythe springs I8.

Disc I4 is secured to shaft I9 which carries, at the other end, a pinion 20 that meshes with a toothed wheel 2| fixed on shaft 22, to which shaft is firmly secured the circular plate 51, horizontally placed. Toothed wheel 2| meshes, in turn, with gear 23 fixed on shaft 23'; gear 23 meshes with a Pair of toothed wheels 24 and 25 secured to the lower ends of corresponding parallel screws, vertically placed, 25 and 21 respectively, the pitch of the threads being exactly the same in both screws.

Both screws are bound together by means of a yoke 28 having at its ends nuts 29 and 3D, so that when the screws are rotated, as they are, with equal speed of rotation, they move the said yoke. The yoke carries, also, a small disc 3| rotating on its shaft 32, and the disc makes frictional contact with the flat surface of a circular plate 33, placed vertically and rotating, as will be seen hereafter, in accordance with the rotating motion of disc I5.

The disc I5 that makes frictional contact with wheel II, is mounted on a shaft 34 and carries on it a bevel pinion 35 that meshes with a similar pinion 36 secured to shaft 31 which has, at its other end, a gear 38 that meshes with pinion 39 which, in turn, meshes with the toothed wheel 49 that transmits its motion to pinion 4I secured to shaft 42 that corresponds to the axis of the circular plate 33 to which reference has already been made.

The said pinion 4I meshes also with the toothed wheel 43, and this toothed wheel transmits its motion to pinion 44 fixed on shaft 45. On this shaft there is secured, besides, another pinion 41 that meshes with other pinions 48 and 49 shown each one at its corresponding end of two micrometric screws 50 and 5| placed horizontally, both provided with threads of exactly the same pitch.

Same as in the case of screws 28 and 21, the said screws 50 and 5| are bound together by means of a yoke 52, the ends of which are constituted by the nuts 53 and 54. The said yoke is provided with a small disc 55, mounted on shaft 55, the disc making frictional contact with the flat surface of a circular plate 51, which is fixed to shaft 22 and which rotates together with the said shaft. The speed of rotation of disc 55 will depend upon the distance to shaft 22 from disc 55.

Shafts 32 and 55 of the respective discs 3| and 55 are connected to corresponding flexible transmission shafts 58 and 59, which lead to the adding device shown in Figures 6, '1 and 8, secured to one of the sides of the apparatus.

The adding device is constituted of a drum or ring SII having division of degrees marked thereon, in which is fixed a diametrical armature 5I which is traversed at a point substantially coinciding with the center of the drum, by a shaft 52. Between the shaft and the armature there are provided corresponding bearings 53 and 54 permitting the free rotation of the shaft with relation to the armature. On the said shaft there is fixed a pinion that meshes with another pinion 55 secured to shaft 91 which is supported in bearings 58 and 58. The device is held imposition by means of two arms 10 secured to the box of the integrator, a window 1| being provided in the box, covered with a plate of transparent material 12, through which a reading may be had of the indications given by the drum 90.

The end of shaft 82, which preferably is of square cross section, receives the end of the flexible shaft 58 and on the opposite side, the end of shaft 51 which is also, preferably, of square cross section receives the flexible shaft 59.

As it will be readily understood, when the rotation of disc 3| is transmitted by the flexible shaft 58, pinion 85 will be set in motion and, meshing with pinion 85, will set this latter in motion causing it to rotate around the pinion 85 and carrying with it armature 5| and also drum 50. On its turn, pinion 55 is set in rotation by the motion which is transmitted thereto by the flexible rod 59 coming from the disc 55, and will rotate over pinion 65 in the manner of a planetary gear carrying with it armature 5|, To the rotating speed of armature 8|, produced by pinion 55, will be added or deducted the speed corresponding to the rotation of pinion 55, according to the direction of the said rotation, and thereby, this device will be actuated in proportion to the relative movement of the discs 3| and 55.

The ends of flexible shaft 58 and 59 can also be reversed, that is to say, be connected, instead, with shafts 51 and 52 respectively, and the result will be just the same.

As will be seen by the arrangement of the parts as described, when the apparatus is placed on a horizontal surface, shaft 5 of the main wheel I is positioned in the same vertical plane of disc I5, which plane is, in turn, perpendicular to the plane of disc I4. If the carriage is rolled over a horizontal surface, as shown in Figure 9, its wheel I9 through shaft 9, pinion 8 and chain 1 would cause movement of pinion 5, shaft 5 and wheel I in the direction of the arrow a (Figure 11); and this latter, through frictional contact, would move only the horizontal disc I4, following vector mh, while vertical disc I5 remains at rest because of its position with respect to the wheel II.

When the carriage runs over a sloping surface, as shown in Figure 10, the axis 2 of oscillation of the box of the integrator is moved out of the vertical plane of shaft 5, the said box tilting and maintaining its vertical position, and thereby the tangential point of discs I4 and I5 will be displaced from the vertical plane -of shaft 5, as shown in the schematic view of Figure l2. In this case, the movement of wheel I I, indicated with the arrow a and represented by the vector vr is decomposed with relation to the plane of the discs into two components, one represented by the vector vh and the other represented by the vector ov, and movement is thus imparted to both discs I4 and I5.

0peratio11..-It is assumed that it is desired to measure the area of the vertical section of la ditch or the like existing on the land. The apparatus must be so adjusted that the small discs 3| and 55 will be disposed exactly on a plane co- The motion of these discs is transmitted to the elements of the integrator in the following manner:

Disc i4 transmits its motion through shaft i9 to pinion 20, gear 2i and its shaft 22, on which shaft there is also mounted the circular plate 51 which will, therefore, start rotation.

Gear 2| transmits its rotation to pinion 23 which meshes with pinions 24 and 25, mounted respectively on the micrometric screws 2S and 27 which, upon rotating, cause the displacement of yoke 28 and disc 3i, which also commences, thus, to move away from the position corresponding to the center of the plate 33, the said plate being driven by the motion of disc I5, so that when the carriage runs over any sloping surface, the said plate rotates and transfers its rotating motion to the small disc 3i, whose number of turns is accumulated in the adding device.

Disc i5, on the other hand, transmits its motion through the bevel pinion 35, another pinion 36, shaft 37, gear 38, pinion 39, toothed wheel 40, pinion 4i which is fixed to shaft 52, this latter being the shaft of plate 33. Pinion 4| transmits its motion to gear 43, pinion N, shaft 45, pinion si (see Figures 2 and 4) which in turn transmit the motion to pinions 48 and 49 that are mounted on the micrometric screws 50 and 5|.-and when these rotate they produce movement of yoke 52 and, as a consequence, of the small disc 55 which will thus move away from its position in the center of plate 51, the latter plate being driven, as above described, by the motion of disc IB, so that the rotation of the plate 51 will be transmitted to small disc 55, the turns oi' which are accumulated in the adding device. y

After traversing the area to be measured the operator may ascertain, through the transparent member 12, the indication that appears on the drum 60 of the adding device, the graduated table of which can be made to some scale that, through direct reading, will show the result of the measurement in square meters or in square decimeters.

The reductions and multiplications of the transmissions of the devices are so calculated that the product of the distance advanced, multiplied by the displacement of the small disc 3i in the direction perpendicular to its plane, will be equal to the product of the distance overrun by the point of the periphery of the plate 51 multiplied by the displacement of the small disc 55 in the direction perpendicular to its plane, a condition that must be complied with if it is considered that the apparatus runs, since its starting, over a uniformly sloping surface.

The adding device which has been illustrated and described is shown only in the character of an example, and it will be understood, that same can be replaced by any other of similar construction without thereby departing fromthe scope o1' the invention. Y

What I claim is:

1. In an integrating device. a carriage. supporting wheels on said carriage, a drive wheel journaled in said carriage and driven by one of said supporting wheels, av casing mounted to swing by gravity in said carriage, main discs supported by the casing and mounted for rotation Vabout axes disposed in angularrelation to each other and having frictional contact with the opl posed side faces of the drive wheel at points coinciding with the swinging axis of the casing, rotatable plates, means for transmitting rotary movement of each of said main discs to one of said plates,- driven discs friction'ally engaging said plates, means controlled by the main discs for moving the driven discs radially of said plates, and means actuated by and movable in degree proportional to the relative rotation of the driven discs.

2. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein the means for radially moving the driven discs is controlled by the main discs in such manner that the driven disc frictionally engaging the plate rotated by one of the main discs is moved radially by the other main disc.

3. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein the axis of said drive wheel is displaced with respect to the swinging axis of said casing.

4. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein the means for radially moving the driven discs is constituted by threaded members and bearings supporting the driven discs and having threaded engagement with' said threaded members, and motion transmitting means connecting the threaded members with said main discs.

5. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein the means for radially moving the driven discs is constituted by screws, the screw moving the driven disc frictionally engaging the plate rotated by one of the main discs being actuated by the other main disc.

6. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein the proportionally movable means is constituted by a central gear wheel, a planetary gear wheel meshing with the central wheel, a frame rotatable about the axis of the central gear wheel and rotatably supporting the planetary gear wheel, an indicating member carried by the frame, and motion transmitting means connecting said driven discs with said gear wheels.

7. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 characterized by the provision of a frame supporting the main discs, the rotatable plates and the driven discs, and means for relatively adjusting the casing and the frame.

EDUARDO ERNESTO MOREAU.

REFERENCES CITED j The following references are of record in the -flle of thisI patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

